Winston Churchill
| Famous as | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom |
| Born on | 30 November 1874 |
| Born in | Woodstock, Oxford shire |
| Died on | 24 January 1965 |
| Nationality | United Kingdom |
| Works & Achievements | PM of the United Kingdom |
Childhood & Early Life
Winston Churchill was born on 30 November 1874 in Oxfordshire in
the United Kingdom. A descent of the Spencer family, Winston Leonard
Spencer-Churchill was born to a politician father Lord Randolph
Churchill and mother Lady Randolph Churchill who was the daughter of an
American millionaire. Winston Churchill had a brother John Strange
Spencer.
Winston Churchill’s military career began with admitting in to
Harrow School in 1888, where he joined the Harrow Rifle Corps.
Throughout his schooling life, he performed average in academic but
showed a particular interest in English and History. He did not see much
of his parents in his early life as he stayed with his grandmother and
this made him relatively independent and rebellious in nature. He was
believed to have a cold relation with his father before he died on 24
January 1895.
Marriage & Children
Winston Churchill married Clementine Hozier on 12 September 1908 in
St. Margaret’s Westminster and in 1909, the couple moved to a house at
33 Eccleston Square. Their first child, Diana was born in London on 11
July 1909 and stayed with her nanny while Clementine moved to Sussex.
Their son Randolph was born on 28 May 1911 and their third child Sarah
came on 7 October 1914 at Admiralty House. Clementine gave birth to
Marigold Frances Churchill on 15 November 1918. However, Marigold, who
was their fourth child, could not survive into the adulthood and died
from illness on 23 August 1921. The couple’s fifth and last child Mary
was born next year on 15 September 1922.
Career in Army
Churchill left Harrow in 1893 to seek admission into the Royal
Military Academy. He graduated from there in December 1895 and was
appointed as a Second Lieutenant in the 4th Queen’s Own Hussars on 20
February 1895. While serving there, he was awarded the honor of the
Hussars in 1941.
Winston Churchill was sent to Cuba in 1895 to observe the fight
between the Spanish and Cuban Guerrillas. He stayed there until he was
informed of his nanny’s illness. He returned to England and from that
time on, stayed with his nanny until she died after a week or so. The
next year in 1896, he was transferred to Bombay, then a part of the
British India, where he developed a passion for Polo.
In 1897, Churchill fought against a Pashtun tribe in Malakand-now
in Pakistan- under the leadership of General Jeffery. After the victory
of the British Army he wrote an account of the fight, which was
published in1900 as The Story of the Malakand Field Force. An avid
writer, Churchill wrote several articles and columns for the newspapers
during the war, for which he received a huge sum.
Churchill was next sent to Egypt in 1898 where he served in the
Sudan under the leadership of General Herbert Kitchener. While in the
Sudan, he actively participated in the battle of Omdurman in 1898 and
worked as a war correspondent for a newspaper. Upon his return to
England in 1898, he wrote an account of the recon quest of the Sudan
which was published in the next year as The River War. In 1899, he
resigned from the Army and unsuccessfully bid for Parliament in Oldham
in the by-election the same year.
With the declaration of war between Britain and the Boer Republics, Winston was appointed as a war correspondent for the newspaper the Morning Post. While working there, he was captured and imprisoned for his involvement in a scouting team. He was put in a POW camp in Pretoria, from where he succeeded to escape just a few weeks after. Upon his return to England, he rejoined the army. In 1900, Winston took retirement from the army and joined the Imperial Yeomanry as a captain in the Queen’s Own Oxford shire Hussars on 4 January 1902. He moved to the rank of Major in 1905 and took charge as a commander of the Henley Squadron of the Queen’s Own Oxford shire Hussars. Churchill, then the first Lord of the Admiralty, was appointed Lieutenant-colonel of Royal Scots Fusiliers on 1 January 1916.
Early Political Activities
Churchill won the Oldham seat at the 1900 general election. After
his entry in to the Parliament, he became closely linked with the
Conservative Party. He was rejected by his electoral after his
opposition to the government’s military expenditure and extensive
tariffs designed to shield Britain’s economic power. He became
associated with the Liberal Party and after it assumed power in 1905,
Winston was made Under-Secretary of State. However, He had been rejected
by his constituency in Oldham; Churchill was invited to contest for the
Manchester North West seat. He won the seat at the 1906 general
election and remained in the position until 1908, when he was appointed
as President of the Board of Trade. While serving in the cabinet, he
actively participated in opposing the proposed exorbitant expenditure
for Navy and supported Liberal Reforms. In 1908, he brought in a Trade
Bill, which set up the first minimum wages in Britain and the following
year in 1909, Winston established ‘Labor Exchange’, which aimed at
helping unemployed people find work. He played an instrumental role in
planning the first unemployed pension legislation in 1911, which became
known as the National Insurance Act of 1911. In 1910, Winston Churchill
was appointed as Home Secretary following the major victory of Liberal
Party in two consecutive general elections. In July 1917, Churchill was
elected Minister of Munitions.
Chancellor of Exchequer
In 1924, Winston Churchill won the seat for Epping as an
independent candidate in the general election and the following year in
1925, he formally rejoined the Conservative Party. Churchill’s was
appointment as Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1924 which was followed by
a great deflation in the Britain. A situation of anarchy occurred and a
series of miner’s strikes led to the General Strike of 1926. The
government adopted highly repressive method to break the strikes and as a
result, Conservative Party lost the next general election in1929. From
then on, The Conservative Party started distancing itself from him and
the two never came to terms in the next following years. This was a time
of Political Isolation which became known as his Wilderness Years.
During the mid 1930’s, Winston openly spoke and campaigned against
the proposal to grant India a dominion status. When The Viceroy Lord
Irwin announced the government’s policy to grant India Independence in
the Round Table Conference in
1931, however, the Liberal party and the Conservative Party supported
the government’s decision- Winston Churchill responded by denouncing the
Conference and estranged from the government ineradicably.
First Term as Prime Minister
On 3 December, 1939, Britain declared war against Germany; with
this Churchill was again elected the First Lord of the Admiralty and
became a member of the war cabinet. The Prime Minister Chamberlain
resigned after the German invasion of Norway and Churchill was invited
to form an –all party government. As Prime minister, Churchill refused
to any peace agreement with an evidently growing Germany and geared up
the British for a long War.
During his premiership, Churchill maintained good relations with
the U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt which secured a regular supply
of food, arms and oil in Britain. After the attack on Pearl Harbor,
Winston fully supported the U.S in its disastrous counter attack on
Germany and Japan. The both Prime Ministers signed the Morgenthau Plan
at the second Quebec conference in 1944, in which the mutually vowed to
renovate Germany into an agricultural and bucolic country after its
inevitable defeat in the War. A fervent anti-communist, Churchill gave a
huge support to Soviet Union against German invasion, declaring that if
he had to choose between communism and Nazis, he will choose communism.
Second Term as Prime Minister
Though the World War II ended with a landslide victory of British
and allied countries, Winston lost the 1945 election and became a leader
of the opposition. His success came with the General Election of 1951,
when he was again elected Prime Minister for a second term. However,
foreign policies and international affairs dominated his first term; he
put efforts to build the Britain an International power in his second
government. He adopted direct military actions against rebellions and
Kenya was the First to witness his road to world victory, following by
Malaya. Though the rebellions were repressed through harsh methods, it
was clearly visible that colonial rule from Britain has come to a
downfall.
Health & Retirement
Winston Churchill suffered his first major stroke in 1953, at age
78, which left him unable to speak and walk properly. He moved to his
home Chart well to recover from the effects of the stroke and returned
in October that year. In the wake of his declining health and inability
to govern, he resigned as Prime Minister in 1955 to be succeeded by
Anthony Eden. After retiring from the public life, Churchill mostly
stayed at home. The first time, he came out in active politics was when
he contested at the 1964 General Election. In 1963, Winston received an
Honorary Citizen of the United States from U.S. President John F.
Kennedy.
Death & Funeral
On 15 January 1965, Churchill suffered another major stroke which
proved to be fatal and he died after nine days on 24 January 1965. After
death, his body lay in state for three days and a state funeral was
held at St. Paul’s Cathedral. The funeral service witnessed the largest
Royal gathering of statesman from across the world and was mourned upon
by thousands of people. His body was buried at St. Martin’s Church, near
Woodstock, near his birth place at Blenheim Palace.
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Winston Churchill Timeline: | ||||
1874- Winston Churchill was born on 30 November 1874.
1888- He was admitted to Harrow School in 1888.
1893- Churchill left Harrow in 1893 and enrolled into the Royal Military Academy.
1895- He graduated from the Royal Military Academy in December 1895.
1895- His father died on 24 January 1895.
1895- He was appointed as a Second Lieutenant on 20 February 1895.
1895- Winston Churchill was sent to Cuba in 1895.
1896- He was transferred to Bombay.
1897- Churchill fought against a Pashtun tribe in Malakand.
1898- Churchill was next sent to Egypt in 1898.
1899- He resigned from the Army.
1900- Churchill won the Oldham seat at the 1900 general election.
1905- Winston was made Under-Secretary of State.
1906- He won the Manchester seat at the 1906 general election.
1908- He was appointed as President of the Board of Trade.
1908- He introduced the Trade Bill.
1908- Winston Churchill married Clementine Hozier on 12 September 1908.
1909- Their first child was born in London on 11 July 1909.
1910- Winston Churchill was appointed as Home Secretary.
1911- Their son Randolph was born on 28 May 1911.
1914- Their third child Sarah came on 7 October 1914.
1916- He was appointed Lieutenant-colonel of Royal Scots Fusiliers on 1 January 1916.
1918- Clementine gave birth to Marigold Frances Churchill on 15 November 1918.
1921- Marigold died from illness on 23 August 1921.
1922- The couple’s fifth and last child Mary was born next year on 15 September 1922.
1924- Churchill’s was appointment as Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1924.
1925- He formally rejoined the Conservative Party.
1939- Britain declared war against Germany on 3 December.
1940- He was elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1941- He was awarded the honor of the Hussars in 1941.
1944- The Morgenthau Plan was signed at the second Quebec conference in 1944.
1951- He was again elected Prime Minister for a second term.
1953- Winston Churchill suffered his first major stroke in 1953.
1955- He resigned as Prime Minister in 1955.
1965- He died on 24 January 1965.
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